家畜肺综合加工利用及其研究进展

猪和牛等家畜的肺是其屠宰加工的主要副产物之一,具有较高的综合利用价值,不仅可作为烹制菜肴的食材,更可通过精深加工开发出酶类、蛋白、肽及糖类等应用于医药、化工和饲料制品等领域,如硫酸软骨素、肝素钠、转化酶、抑肽酶、组织凝血活酶、血管紧张素、糖胺聚糖等高附加值产品,对其在此领域的产品开发及技术研究进行了概述。     

大叶女贞耐寒性研究——基于2009年河北省邢台市大叶女贞冻害调查分析

[目的]研究2009年初冬暴雪对邢台市区栽植的大叶女贞的冻害情况。[方法]采用重点区域普查法对邢台市主城区的主要干道、公园、游园内种植的大叶女贞冻害情况逐一调查并分析。[结果]种植年限、栽植环境和温度骤降是造成冻害的主要原因。[结论]选用耐寒品种和大规格苗,选择适宜栽植环境,提高养护管理水平等可以提高大叶女贞的耐寒性。     

Apoptosis of hepatocytes induced by acute kidney injury in rats

AIM: To observe the cytological changes of hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis induced by acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. METHODS: The rat models of AKI, including ischemic and non-ischemic AKI, were established. Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, light and electron microscopy were used in this study. RESULTS: Cellular necrosis in renal tubules, as the basic morphological changes of ischemic AKI, and renal tubular cells undergoing apoptosis were evident in ischemic AKI. Meanwhile, tumor necrosis facotor receptor α (TNFRα) and caspase-3 was strongly expressed in the livers from AKI rats. Caspase-3-positive cells were evident in the livers from AKI rats. Microscopic examinations revealed that hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis and para-apoptosis were observed in damaged livers of both ischemic and non-ischemic AKI animals. No significant difference of hepatic apoptosis between ischemic and non-ischemic AKI animals was observed. CONCLUSION: Either apoptosis, caspase-dependent cell death or para-apoptosis are involved in hepatic injury induced by AKI. TNFRα initiation and cleaved caspase family are the pathways of hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis induced by AKI.     

云南东部垦区2004/2005年橡胶树寒害调查报告

报道了云南东部垦区2004/2005年冬春低温特点和橡胶树寒害规律,为东部垦区的抗寒植胶、橡胶树新品种的应用积累了新的资料。     

Sulfated glycofuranans as inhibitors of melanoma lung metastasis

Chemically synthesized (1 5)--d-glucofuranan, (1 5)--d-galactofuranan, (1 5)--d-xylofuranan, (1 5)--L-arabinofuranan, natural xylan, and curdlan were sulfated to investigate their inhibitory activities on B16-BL6 lung metastasis and anticoagulant activities. (1 5)--d-Glucofuranan sulfate, (1 5)--d-galactofuranan sulfate, xylan sulfate, and curdlan sulfate had binding abilities with B16-BL6 melanoma lysate. The inhibitory activities of sulfated polysaccharides on B16-BL6 lung metastasis selected by heparin binding assay were in the order (1 5)--d-galactofuranan sulfate > (1 5)---d-glucofuranan sulfate > xylan sulfate curdlan sulfate. Furthermore, (1 5)--d-galactofuranan sulfate, (1 5)--d-glucofuranan sulfate, and xylan sulfate had not only high inhibitory activity on B16-BL6 lung metastasis but also low anticoagulant activity. The correlation between chemical structure and biological activity is discussed.Part of this paper was presented at the 10th International Synposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Yokohama, Japan, June 1999     

酸雨对林木伤害的研究

从酸雨污染对林木代谢功能的伤害,酸雨污染对林木的间接伤害以及酸雨污染对林木生长发育的伤害等三大方面,综述了国内外在酸雨给林木造成损害上的研究动态及其成果。     

丹皮酚对L-精氨酸诱导的小鼠急性胰腺炎氧化损伤的影响

为了探究丹皮酚对急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis,AP）小鼠氧化损伤的影响,本试验选取50只SPF级雄性小鼠,随机分成5组,每组10只,分别为空白对照组、AP模型组和丹皮酚高、中、低剂量组。丹皮酚组小鼠分别灌胃100、50和25 mg·kg^-1丹皮酚,同时空白对照组和AP模型组小鼠给予等体积生理盐水。连续灌胃5 d后,采用20% L-精氨酸腹腔注射AP模型组和不同剂量丹皮酚组小鼠,6 h后采集各组小鼠血清测定氧化指标（MDA、SOD）,取小鼠胰腺组织肉眼观察病理学变化,并制作胰腺组织髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）免疫组化切片,观察其组织病理学变化和MPO的分布及表达。采用荧光定量PCR检测各组胰腺组织中HO-1、Keap1以及Nrf2 mRNA表达水平,采用Western blot检测HO-1、Keap1以及Nrf2蛋白表达量。结果发现,不同剂量的丹皮酚极显著降低急性胰腺炎氧化损伤下小鼠机体的MDA含量,并极显著提高抗氧化酶SOD活力（P<0.01）;免疫组化结果显示,高、中剂量丹皮酚有效减少MPO表达;与AP模型组相比,中、高剂量组丹皮酚极显著升高HO-1和Nrf2 mRNA及蛋白表达（P<0.01）,低剂量组丹皮酚极显著提高Nrf2 mRNA及蛋白表达（P<0.01）,不同剂量组丹皮酚极显著降低Keap1 mRNA和蛋白表达（P<0.01）。综上,丹皮酚可能通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路缓解L-精氨酸诱导的小鼠急性胰腺炎氧化损伤,研究结果为急性胰腺炎发病机制及相关药物的研发提供理论参考。     

Lung toxicity of a vapor-grown carbon fiber in comparison with a multi-walled carbon nanotube in F344 rats

Carbon fibers have excellent physicochemical and electrical properties. Vapor-grown carbon fibers are a type of carbon fibers that have a multi-walled carbon tube structure with a high aspect ratio. The representative vapor-grown carbon fiber, VGCF^TM-H, is extremely strong and stable and has superior thermal and electrical conductivity. Because some high-aspect-ratio multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been reported to have toxic and carcinogenic effects in the lungs of rodents, we performed a 13-week lung toxicity study using VGCF^TM-H in comparison with one of MWCNTs, MWNT-7, in rats. Male and female F344 rats were intratracheally administered VGCF^TM-H at doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg bw or MWNT-7 at doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg bw once a week for 8 weeks and then up to week 13 without treatment. The lung burden was equivalent in the VGCF^TM-H and MWNT-7 groups; however, the lung weight had increased and the inflammatory and biochemical parameters in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and histopathological parameters, including inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar type II cells proliferation, alveolar fibrosis, pleural fibrosis, lung mesothelium proliferation, and diaphragm fibrosis, were milder in the VGCF^TM-H group than in the MWNT-7 group. In addition, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive index in the visceral and pleural mesothelium was significantly higher in the MWNT-7 group than in the controls, but not in the VGCF^TM-H group. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the lung and pleural toxicities of VGCF^TM-H were less than those of MWNT-7.     

Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in two freshwater crab species in Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan, as a possible source of infection in wild boars and sika deer

Paragonimiasis is a particular foodborne parasitic disease that is endemic to southern Kyushu, including Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. We previously detected Paragonimus westermani triploid larvae in meat samples obtained from wild boars and sika deer hunted in Akune City, Kagoshima Prefecture. These mammals act as paratenic hosts and their meat is a source of human paragonimiasis. Paratenic host mammals and humans become infected with the lung fluke, P. westermani, following consumption of second intermediate hosts, freshwater crab species, namely, Geothelphusa dehaani or Sawagani in Japanese, and Eriocheir japonica or Mokuzugani in Japanese. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current infection status of P. westermani in freshwater crabs in Akune City. We collected freshwater crabs from 15 locations and found that the prevalence of P. westermani metacercariae was 1.6% for Sawagani (15 of 941 examined) and 22.1% for Mokuzugani (21 of 95 examined). Based on the morphological characterization of metacercariae and molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene region using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing, all metacercariae were identified as the triploid form of P. westermani. These results indicate that Sawagani and Mokuzugani serve as second intermediate hosts to maintain the life cycle of triploid P. westermani. Further, infection in crabs potentially leads to subsequent P. westermani infections in wild mammals, including wild boars and sika deer, both of which are considered important types of game meat in Japan.